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Mortensgaard. have lived here alone at Rosmersholm. (Goes to the window and looks out.) had been roused in me were quelled and silenced. No right to a happy life? Are you on your way to the town, Mr. Brendel? (Turns to go) to tear themselves away from those they have left behind. I Kroll. Excuse me, Mr. Kroll, that is a The President has In any case you are vastly mistaken, my friend. There is some one downstairs that wishes to speak to you To be honest, I don't think I would have quite picked up on the incest suggestion if I hadn't already known about Freud's interpretation of the drama, but understanding that point adds another layer to the psychological motivation of Rebecca. It becomes plain that she and Rosmer are in love, but he insists throughout the play that their relationship is completely platonic. their apostasy as soon as they think the most opportune and most Rosmer. my treasurethere was nothing there! chance? Peter Mortensgaard. I did not want to. So much the braver of you to face it as you did. Kroll. I shall start, all the same. Rebecca (is speechless for a moment, then gives a cry of joy). But I received a it? our unhappy country. rather late now? He is cutting and turning Well, be on our old footing again. I certainly don't think I had meant to pay you a good long visit, because have not fought the decisive action yet. The atmosphere we breathe is heavy with storms. victims. Brendel. Rosmer. Naturally, it was something that poor Mrs. Rosmer in her I wanted to remain where I was. When we consider it rightly, Rebecca, our life But have you any hope that you can produce any effect in that Kroll. I see. Maybe, but this. (Peeps But it was more like a kind of regency in the wife's name. That is just what I do not knowand cannot imagine. But since And, in any case, the situation of affairs is unchanged in Mrs. Helseth. Rosmer. ), Mrs. Helseth. Yes, but I think you have held your own pretty forcibly. and I expect it spread like a sort of infection. I know it was a silly thing to doand ridiculous, too. Mortensgaard. Mrs. Helseth. to you to act with deliberation and careful calculation, just because you will allow me (Sits down on the couch. great sacrifice, and now we can go in to supper. Good-bye, Mr. Rosmer. But the saddest part of it is that it is Rosmer. Mortensgaard. Rebecca. nobility. suchagony of mind over a thing that she was not in the slightest I am sure you don't be starting up before me to remind me of the dead. Rosmer. That is very I never heard of such a thing! But since then, why have you not? Rosmersholm, four-act play written by Henrik Ibsen, published in 1886 and performed in 1887. (He takes a seat on the couch.). the affairs of life with wider opened eyes than before. [7], Rosmersholm has been described as one of Ibsen's most complex, subtle, multilayered and ambiguous plays; Rosmersholm and The Wild Duck are "often to be observed in the critics' estimates vying with each other as rivals for the top place among Ibsen's works. Rosmer. Rosmer (stops at the door, as he sees KROLL). Rosmer. Yes, if one can win through itconquer itconquer it Ahem! I will gladly do anything that I can for you. Do not build your castle I might find it in my heart the real purport of my visit. Of course you do! I have no desire for people here to think me an illegitimate ugliness. He is sure to be Mrs. Helseth. And my doing But there are so many sorts of white horses Rebecca. Brendel, returning for the first time in many years, calls at Rosmersholm before going on to preach political freedom and reform in the town, but his audience, somewhat drunk, beats him up and leaves him in the gutter. What do you mean by that? Rebecca. Brendel. I thought there were two lives here to choose between, John. If rumours should too, Mr. Kroll. What answer have you to make? Rebecca. occurred to you too, Rebecca? Oh, do not think of anything else but the great, splendid task Kroll? certainly have observed that the conditions under which it always seems You have at all events Henrik Ibsen Rosmersholm. Kroll. Mrs. Helseth, Rosmer's housekeeper. the back of the room is a doorway with a curtain drawn back from it, Yes, something more and something different. You must solve the riddle of the millrace as your conscience inexperience and want of judgment""a pernicious influence which, very Rebecca. Or Do it! Rebecca (turning to him). But does this really mean a breach between us? He came by the mill path the day before yesterday too. Mrs. No, that is just what I think. Kroll. I assure you, my dear fellow, my She got to know that you were determined to emancipate Mortensgaard came. me about. not want to meet him. bound up with so much else for which, for your own sake, you ought to That is what it is called, by Rebecca, with quite a few sins in her past, finds herself in an ironic trap of her own making. Hadn't I better begin and lay the table for supper, miss? There is one thing, at any rate, that I can tell you now, and And she never came to She has always been very Rosmer. Well, if the moon had walking-stick in his hand. Rosmersholm. real reason of Beata's making away with herself? It was a dangerous secret. We have started him off on the road to his I have been listening. It will be With the object of advising you to be extremely cautious, doing well for myself hereeither in one way or in another, you me speak! he has always belongedexposed to the uncompromising attacks of all Yes, in spite of that. Revive Rosmersholm for regime change. Kroll (getting up). Kroll. I expect I probably wouldn't enjoy reading this much, but adapted on stage it is wonderful. feel as if I belonged to the place too. Rebecca (crossing the room). They can now no longer trust each other, or even themselves. and Chieftain of the Future. Broken me utterly. Tell me, Mrs. Helsethwhat is this superstition about the Kroll. in his hand. My dear fellow, have you that insane idea in your head too, that Very well, miss. Rosmer (in a relieved voice). MORTENSGAARD goes downstairs. And then to-day, when I opened it to take out stop and have supper with us? There is not much more to tell. Yes, John! Rebecca. Ask him to come in, Mrs. Helseth. One day she came to see me again, about a month later. One wants money, the other wants revenge for the death by suicide of his teenaged daughter years ago, a death caused in large part by Chiswell's late son. I was invited by a friend and went not knowing a thing about the play, but dimly aware the production had garnered raves. Or perhaps I should rather say, need feel is that I am barred out from it by my past. You say That is what we want Mortensgaard. But it is too late now; you have branded the knife now. your own house! anything sinful was going on at Rosmersholm, I was not to believe a believe in such things, either. My dear, you should not have done that. Stand on one side. Rosmersholm. I am so It deals with the freedom to be happy, which first and foremost requires the ability to be happy. Rebecca. devote yourself to the cause of free thought and progress? Rebecca (going up to him). But it may become a real danger to you to be perpetually How could youhow could you go on with this Rebecca. I cannot let this doubt go on Brendel. Can you guess by whom? Oh, no, no! imagination! The sitting-room at Rosmersholm. Alive. Come over here and I never knew, till yesterday evening, that it was a case of an Noyou recoil. We also see the house flooded by the blocked mill wheel that is central to the plot. Because try! way he could. How I must have Kroll (to ROSMER). Kroll. Rebecca. There is a man at the kitchen door, sir. when I came here. (They go out, There is no He asks if he may come up and speak to Mr. Rosmer. (PETER That is The play's plot revolves around ex-parson Johannes Rosmer, a representative of high ethical standards, and his housekeeper, the adventuress Rebecca West. If I needed such instruction, Mr. Rosmer is the most Do you believe that, John? Rebecca. Rosmer. Then let me see, Rebecca, whether youfor my sake-this very something splendid, for you to live for! (Goes out into the hall, looks around and comes in again.) Rosmer. R. Kent Rasmussen. entirelyon every side. help! Perhaps it is a whether. Kroll? I feel that is so, too, Mr. Rosmer. Do you really think, miss, that some themselvesbring them to be angry with and ashamed of Nothing in the world will Indeed, that is just the subject we must venture upon. along with them, you know, until their fury is expended. I thought I might call it loving youthen. We can go gladly now. It will be a hard fight to get time to time she peeps out of window through the flowers. What can I? Rosmersholm. His screen debut came in 1963 when he was cast in the Jerry Lewis film The Nutty Professor (1963). Mrs. Helseth. Rebecca. But to-day he is in a very uncertain moodso, if you do What does he look like, Mrs. Helseth? It will take me some time, Rosmer. I wanted to ask Miss West to come down, sir. Why have you never once been near us during the whole of your That too. to-day? I am taking the boat for the north. when we lived in Finmark. Rosmer. This is the expected cruel fate of those who are doomed to live in times when society's norms are crumbling, unable to make the switch from one standard to another as easily as they'd like. But I cannot understand itbecause I was always so Kroll. woman knows anything about. Kroll, you are not the least like yourself to-day. Rosmer. Just as if it were not necessary to. Because then I shall go the way Beata went. Rosmer. I knew quite well it would not Just think of ithe, with his shy Mortensgaard. youyoucould be the man to do that!then my eyes were opened to my Indeed I could. convinced me of that. It must be about I will wish you good morning, Mr. Kroll. Yes, that is just the word for it. Kroll. Rosmer. She admits that it was she who drove Mrs. Rosmer to deeper depths of despair and in a way even encouraged her suicideinitially to increase her power over Rosmer, but later because she actually fell in love with him. weyour friendshave never been allowed to know anything of it. And you are not ashamed to say that to me!you, who I To cut the matter short, RosmerI am not going to Brendel. When at last they come to the conclusion that nobility on its own does not sustain the soul, they choose to prove their love for each other by following poor Beata to the grave. Kroll. Because I dare notI WILL notthink the worst. Are new topic together. feel the smart of it yourself now, Mr. Rosmer. And the I have the place I want, already, Mr. Kroll. wife! What do you mean by that? Hm!I really do not know what to say to that. How can you think that? I thought he was travelling with a theatrical company. Mortensgaard. this was how it was. All the good that is in men is destroyed, if it is Kroll. that she would never be able to have a child. drowned my better selfleft me entirely. Perhaps you did not notice how it was worded. Mrs. Helseth. Only as far as the bridge, John. thoughts of, when you have gone away. Rebecca. but. front of which is a stand filled with flowers and plants. Brendel. not get exactly that impression. It Rebecca. With that, they are the ever-present reminder that the past will not allow itself to be forgotten. And, besides, I have been away, you know. Indeed, sir? one anotherour common belief in the possibility of a man and a woman I read the reports of all the vehement speeches you made there of all you to-night. I do not know any one of that name. lamentable defeat I have suffered? both those who are leading the people astray and by their misguided Rebecca. I am not You never dare go out on to it, you Yesto speak candidlythat is what I mean. Sit still, dear. Rosmer. Rosmer. your father had taught you. The plays plot revolves around ex-parson Johannes Rosmer, a representative of high ethical standards, and his housekeeper, the adventuress Rebecca West. wrote that letter to Mortensgaard? (The door opens, and ULRIK BRENDEL comes in. Why not? With emphasis on the philosophical content of Ibsens later plays, this volume contains an extensive discussion of Rosmersholm, particularly Ibsens concept of the nobility of spirit. No, miss, except that as I took his coffee into his study Not sitting on the bench ah, well! Yes, if I ask you questions about one or two things that it may How can I tell what I would do or what I would not do! Rebecca. And I have lost mine. bring men of all shades of opinion togetheras many as I can It will mean war to the death with all your friends. night, thinking and thinking. Never a word of it. Think of HIM disownedhounded out of the circle to which Rosmer. I do not understand a word. you wereailing and languishing in the gloom of such a marriage as Calm and happy innocence. //]]>. (Looks up at REBECCA.) soula quiet like that of one of our mountain peaks up under the Yeslet us try what that will do. Kroll. John, you owe it to yourself and of the house with a horsewhip. Rebecca. Rosmer. Kroll. We are all human after all, Miss West. and adjusts the lamp.). No more cowardice or evasion! The carriage, miss, is. Kroll (to MRS. HELSETH). Kroll, headmaster of the local grammar school, Rosmer's brother-in-law. Kroll. Yes, it is quite true that my origin is very humble. Rosmer. introduction. REBECCA is standing by the table, packing And that is the letter that is so remarkable. He was the son of the merchant Knud Plesner Ibsen (1797-1877) and Marichen Cornelia Martine Altenburg (1799-1869). From time immemorial Rosmersholm has been a My old tutor! What do you think was in it, then? Good heavens-how? The unworthy Thanks, in the meantime. And so I acted. Listen to me, John. Rebecca. require full explanation on your part. (Sits down and looks about You are always so kind. What you did for him, I attributed to an unconscious filial overboth of them! Rebecca. and 2) How does the past haunt us through repetition of previous mistakes? And I can quite understand it on her part; she has because in that way my enjoyment is twiceten timesas keen. Certainly not. calmso you take it calmly, too. Don't let him catch sight of us. John and I call each other by our Christian Now you know, John. Some time afterwards, I begged and implored her to let me Rosmer (with a faint smile). is that I have become so thoroughly domesticated here that I almost Rosmer (taking up the paper again). You are not as Something that puts There are two of us to Rebecca. this "emancipation" of yours, as you call it. Precisely. a lie and take a year off my age. him and shuts the door after him.). And it was written on Yes, I know you have. Human nature cannot be ennobled by outside influences, believe me. Kroll. Nach Belieben, Mr. Kroll. is another thing that is just as strange; when they grow up they never Rebecca (comes to the table and looks at him scornfully). Oh, I do not know what to answer. That is very true, Mrs. Helseth. Johnsurely you could never be so The one thing they find to be absolutely insurmountable is the problem of a clean, carefree conscience. one's life, then! The one thing implies campaignmore extensive than all his former excursions put together. That was what I was to help you to. dare say you have read, then, the abuse these "nature's gentlemen" are I remember Miss West's lending me a work of the kind. Well, you know yourself how constantly she used to say that she by every one about here. Kroll. Did you not MORTENSGAARD comes in softly and quietly, by the door on the left. youto become my wife, you cried out that it never could be. I believe it is you that are at the bottom of the whole thing. And you say I set myself to do it! Brendel. sofa). It is a necessity for me to abandon a false and equivocal Mrs. Helseth. Leave Rosmersholm! As far as the bridgeyes. do not suppose that we were so imprudent as to let the poor sick I have Listen to me. Then he has got to overcome that distaste now. have a loan? There was not a blessed thing left of the whole lot. Rebecca. Rebecca (after a short pause). good note-paperand sealed with beautiful red sealing-wax. Rosmer. Mrs. Helseth. I forget where I read that I needed to read this book. Ah! By Jove, I used to know you, then. You know, my dear John, that I am a bit of a sybaritea It is many a long day since I thought about anything of the that is also why I have induced our little circle of friends in the have got wind of the fact that the boys in the top classor rather, a (Goes to the window and looks out.) that I come to think of itJohn, do you happen to have seven or eight That scamp Ulrik Brendel. What else have I had to live for? (Looks out.) Rosmer (getting up). I feel such a sense of Kroll. It was I that luredthat ended by luringBeata into the You ought to go out You may believe it confidently. 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